Pyongyang: At the Ninth Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea, North Korean leader Kim Jong-un delivered a message that was both defiant and conditional, vowing to accelerate the expansion of his country's nuclear arsenal while leaving the door ajar for renewed diplomacy with Washington.
According to Yonhap News Agency, Kim declared via the state-run Korean Central News Agency that North Korea would "redouble efforts to increase the number of nuclear weapons and expand the means and scope of their deployment." He described the nation's nuclear force as a "reliable guarantee" of its security and development, underscoring Pyongyang's conviction that its strategic arsenal is the ultimate safeguard of the regime's survival.
Kim outlined an ambitious military modernization blueprint for the new five-year plan, which includes more advanced land- and submarine-launched intercontinental ballistic missile systems and artificial intelligence-enabled unmanned strike platforms. Additionally, he emphasized the development of anti-satellite capabilities, electronic warfare systems designed to paralyze enemy command structures, and more sophisticated reconnaissance satellites. Kim also highlighted efforts to strengthen the nuclear armament of naval forces, focusing on enhancing second-strike capabilities and survivability.
Regarding inter-Korean relations, Kim adopted a strikingly hostile tone. He labeled South Korea as "the most hostile entity," excluding it from the category of compatriots and warning that any action perceived to undermine North Korea's security could trigger retaliatory measures. This rhetoric suggests Pyongyang may be preparing for future provocations aimed at pressuring Seoul while sharpening divisions within its alliance with Washington.
Kim's approach toward the United States was more nuanced. He reaffirmed that North Korea's nuclear status is "irreversible" and that it would maintain the "strongest possible" posture toward Washington. However, he added a conditional overture, stating that if the United States recognizes North Korea's constitutional status as a nuclear-armed state and withdraws its "hostile policy," there would be "no reason" the two countries could not maintain good relations. Kim emphasized that the future of bilateral ties depends entirely on the U.S. attitude.
This dual-track strategy-nuclear expansion paired with conditional diplomacy-appears aimed at reshaping the negotiating framework itself. By insisting that denuclearization is off the table, Kim seeks de facto recognition of North Korea as a nuclear power and greater leverage in any future talks.
Diplomatic speculation has intensified accordingly. South Korea's ambassador to the United States, Kang Kyung-hwa, recently suggested the possibility that Kim and U.S. President Donald Trump could meet again in Beijing, potentially in conjunction with a summit between Xi Jinping and Trump envisioned for April. Although no meeting has been confirmed, the prospect underscores the fluidity of high-level diplomacy.
Notably, Kim appears intent on bypassing Seoul in any renewed U.S.-North Korea engagement-a lesson arguably drawn from his experience with the previous South Korean administration under Moon Jae-in. During that period, inter-Korean rapprochement and summit diplomacy raised expectations but ultimately failed to deliver lasting security gains or sanctions relief for Pyongyang. Kim may believe that dealing directly with Washington while sidelining Seoul will maximize his leverage and minimize the constraints imposed by inter-Korean coordination.
Such a strategy, however, places a premium on alliance management. Before formalizing any prospective Trump-Kim summit, Washington must engage in close and substantive consultations with Seoul, ensuring that diplomacy rests on a solid foundation. A failure to do so could embolden Pyongyang's efforts to drive a wedge between allies-a longstanding objective of North Korean strategy.
At the same time, stepped-up deterrence efforts are essential. As Pyongyang accelerates its nuclear and missile development and heightens rhetorical threats against the South, the United States and South Korea must reinforce combined defense readiness to counter potential provocations. Strengthened extended deterrence commitments, enhanced intelligence-sharing, and visible joint preparedness can reduce the risk of miscalculation.
Ultimately, diplomacy and deterrence must proceed in tandem. A renewed summit, if it materializes, should not come at the expense of alliance cohesion or regional stability. By anchoring engagement in robust U.S.-South Korea coordination and maintaining credible deterrence against aggression, Washington and Seoul can better navigate Pyongyang's evolving strategy-deterring conflict while preserving the possibility of meaningful progress toward lasting peace on the Korean Peninsula.